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The CPU processes data in bytes because a byte is a standard unit of digital information used to represent data and is composed of 8 bits. When the CPU performs operations, it manipulates data that is often grouped into bytes, allowing for efficient processing of larger data types, such as integers and characters, which are commonly based on one or more bytes.
Other options, while related to computing, do not accurately describe the unit in which the CPU processes data. Gigabytes represent larger storage size rather than the data processing unit. Gigahertz is a measure of frequency indicating how many cycles a CPU can perform in one second, while cycles refer to the unit of operation in the CPU's clock. Thus, bytes are the most appropriate choice for denoting how the CPU processes individual pieces of data.